main:新增 Worker 支持及任务管理优化

变更内容：
- 添加 Worker 进程模块，支持基于 Redis 的任务管理及分布式锁。
- 增加 `entrypoint.sh` 启动脚本，支持根据 `RUN_MODE` 自动运行 API 或 Worker。
- 优化 `docker-compose.yml` 配置，添加镜像及平台支持。
- 在 JobManager 中集成 `request_id` 上下文传递，改进日志追踪功能。
- 扩展单元测试，提升测试覆盖率。

deployment/Dockerfile

@@ -30,9 +30,15 @@ USER appuser
 # 暴露端口
 EXPOSE 8000
 
-# 健康检查
-HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=3s --start-period=5s --retries=3 \
-    CMD python -c "import urllib.request; urllib.request.urlopen('http://localhost:8000/healthz')"
+# 运行模式：api（默认）或 worker
+ENV RUN_MODE=api
 
-# 启动命令
-CMD ["uvicorn", "functional_scaffold.main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "8000"]
+# 健康检查（仅对 API 模式有效）
+HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=3s --start-period=5s --retries=3 \
+    CMD if [ "$RUN_MODE" = "api" ]; then python -c "import urllib.request; urllib.request.urlopen('http://localhost:8000/healthz')"; else exit 0; fi
+
+# 启动脚本
+COPY --chown=appuser:appuser deployment/entrypoint.sh /app/entrypoint.sh
+RUN chmod +x /app/entrypoint.sh
+
+CMD ["/app/entrypoint.sh"]

deployment/docker-compose.yml

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ services:
       - APP_ENV=development
       - LOG_LEVEL=INFO
       - METRICS_ENABLED=true
+      - RUN_MODE=api
       # Redis 指标存储配置
       - REDIS_HOST=redis
       - REDIS_PORT=6379
@@ -38,6 +39,38 @@ services:
       retries: 3
       start_period: 5s
 
+  # Worker 服务 - 处理异步任务
+  worker:
+    build:
+      context: ..
+      dockerfile: deployment/Dockerfile
+    environment:
+      - APP_ENV=development
+      - LOG_LEVEL=INFO
+      - METRICS_ENABLED=true
+      - RUN_MODE=worker
+      # Redis 配置
+      - REDIS_HOST=redis
+      - REDIS_PORT=6379
+      - REDIS_DB=0
+      # Worker 配置
+      - WORKER_POLL_INTERVAL=1.0
+      - MAX_CONCURRENT_JOBS=10
+      - JOB_MAX_RETRIES=3
+      - JOB_EXECUTION_TIMEOUT=300
+    volumes:
+      - ../src:/app/src
+      - ../config:/app/config
+    labels:
+      logging: "promtail"
+      logging_jobname: "functional-scaffold-worker"
+    restart: unless-stopped
+    depends_on:
+      redis:
+        condition: service_healthy
+    deploy:
+      replicas: 2
+
   # Redis - 用于集中式指标存储
   redis:
     image: redis:7-alpine

deployment/entrypoint.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+# 启动脚本：根据 RUN_MODE 环境变量选择启动 API 或 Worker
+
+set -e
+
+if [ "$RUN_MODE" = "worker" ]; then
+    echo "启动 Worker 模式..."
+    exec python -m functional_scaffold.worker
+else
+    echo "启动 API 模式..."
+    exec uvicorn functional_scaffold.main:app --host 0.0.0.0 --port 8000
+fi

deployment/serverless/aliyun-fc.yaml

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Resources:
     prime-checker:
       Type: 'Aliyun::Serverless::Function'
       Properties:
-        Description: '质数判断算法服务'
+        Description: '质数判断算法服务（API）'
         Runtime: custom-container
         MemorySize: 512
         Timeout: 60
@@ -25,11 +25,14 @@ Resources:
         CAPort: 8000
         CustomContainerConfig:
           Image: 'registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/your-namespace/functional-scaffold:latest'
-          Command: '["uvicorn", "functional_scaffold.main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "8000"]'
+          Command: '["/app/entrypoint.sh"]'
         EnvironmentVariables:
           APP_ENV: production
           LOG_LEVEL: INFO
           METRICS_ENABLED: 'true'
+          RUN_MODE: api
+          REDIS_HOST: 'r-xxxxx.redis.rds.aliyuncs.com'
+          REDIS_PORT: '6379'
       Events:
         httpTrigger:
           Type: HTTP
@@ -38,3 +41,32 @@ Resources:
             Methods:
               - GET
               - POST
+    job-worker:
+      Type: 'Aliyun::Serverless::Function'
+      Properties:
+        Description: '异步任务 Worker'
+        Runtime: custom-container
+        MemorySize: 512
+        Timeout: 900
+        InstanceConcurrency: 1
+        CustomContainerConfig:
+          Image: 'registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/your-namespace/functional-scaffold:latest'
+          Command: '["/app/entrypoint.sh"]'
+        EnvironmentVariables:
+          APP_ENV: production
+          LOG_LEVEL: INFO
+          METRICS_ENABLED: 'true'
+          RUN_MODE: worker
+          REDIS_HOST: 'r-xxxxx.redis.rds.aliyuncs.com'
+          REDIS_PORT: '6379'
+          WORKER_POLL_INTERVAL: '1.0'
+          MAX_CONCURRENT_JOBS: '5'
+          JOB_MAX_RETRIES: '3'
+          JOB_EXECUTION_TIMEOUT: '300'
+      Events:
+        timerTrigger:
+          Type: Timer
+          Properties:
+            CronExpression: '0 */1 * * * *'
+            Enable: true
+            Payload: '{}'

src/functional_scaffold/api/routes.py

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 """API 路由"""
 
-import asyncio
 from fastapi import APIRouter, HTTPException, Depends, status
 import time
 import logging
@@ -200,10 +199,10 @@ async def create_job(
         # 获取任务信息
         job_data = await job_manager.get_job(job_id)
 
-        # 后台执行任务
-        asyncio.create_task(job_manager.execute_job(job_id))
+        # 任务入队，由 Worker 执行
+        await job_manager.enqueue_job(job_id)
 
-        logger.info(f"异步任务已创建: job_id={job_id}, request_id={request_id}")
+        logger.info(f"异步任务已创建并入队: job_id={job_id}, request_id={request_id}")
 
         return JobCreateResponse(
             job_id=job_id,

src/functional_scaffold/config.py

@@ -57,6 +57,14 @@ class Settings(BaseSettings):
     webhook_timeout: int = 10  # Webhook 超时时间（秒）
     max_concurrent_jobs: int = 10  # 最大并发任务数
 
+    # Worker 配置
+    worker_poll_interval: float = 1.0  # Worker 轮询间隔（秒）
+    job_queue_key: str = "job:queue"  # 任务队列 Redis Key
+    job_concurrency_key: str = "job:concurrency"  # 全局并发计数器 Redis Key
+    job_lock_ttl: int = 300  # 任务锁 TTL（秒）
+    job_max_retries: int = 3  # 任务最大重试次数
+    job_execution_timeout: int = 300  # 任务执行超时（秒）
+
 
 # 全局配置实例
 settings = Settings()

src/functional_scaffold/core/job_manager.py

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import redis.asyncio as aioredis
 from ..algorithms.base import BaseAlgorithm
 from ..config import settings
 from ..core.metrics_unified import incr, observe
+from ..core.tracing import set_request_id
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -176,6 +177,7 @@ class JobManager:
             "job_id": job_id,
             "status": job_data.get("status", ""),
             "algorithm": job_data.get("algorithm", ""),
+            "request_id": job_data.get("request_id") or None,
             "created_at": job_data.get("created_at", ""),
             "started_at": job_data.get("started_at") or None,
             "completed_at": job_data.get("completed_at") or None,
@@ -223,6 +225,11 @@ class JobManager:
 
         algorithm_name = job_data.get("algorithm", "")
         webhook_url = job_data.get("webhook", "")
+        request_id = job_data.get("request_id", "")
+
+        # 设置 request_id 上下文，确保日志中包含 request_id
+        if request_id:
+            set_request_id(request_id)
 
         # 解析参数
         try:
@@ -234,7 +241,9 @@ class JobManager:
         async with self._semaphore:
             # 更新状态为 running
             started_at = self._get_timestamp()
-            await self._redis_client.hset(key, mapping={"status": "running", "started_at": started_at})
+            await self._redis_client.hset(
+                key, mapping={"status": "running", "started_at": started_at}
+            )
 
             logger.info(f"开始执行任务: job_id={job_id}, algorithm={algorithm_name}")
 
@@ -295,7 +304,9 @@ class JobManager:
             incr("jobs_completed_total", {"algorithm": algorithm_name, "status": status})
             observe("job_execution_duration_seconds", {"algorithm": algorithm_name}, elapsed_time)
 
-            logger.info(f"任务执行完成: job_id={job_id}, status={status}, elapsed={elapsed_time:.3f}s")
+            logger.info(
+                f"任务执行完成: job_id={job_id}, status={status}, elapsed={elapsed_time:.3f}s"
+            )
 
             # 发送 Webhook 回调
             if webhook_url:
@@ -372,6 +383,195 @@ class JobManager:
         """检查任务管理器是否可用"""
         return self._redis_client is not None
 
+    async def enqueue_job(self, job_id: str) -> bool:
+        """将任务加入队列
+
+        Args:
+            job_id: 任务 ID
+
+        Returns:
+            bool: 是否成功入队
+        """
+        if not self._redis_client:
+            logger.error(f"Redis 不可用，无法入队任务: {job_id}")
+            return False
+
+        try:
+            await self._redis_client.lpush(settings.job_queue_key, job_id)
+            logger.info(f"任务已入队: job_id={job_id}")
+            return True
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"任务入队失败: job_id={job_id}, error={e}")
+            return False
+
+    async def dequeue_job(self, timeout: int = 5) -> Optional[str]:
+        """从队列获取任务（阻塞式）
+
+        Args:
+            timeout: 阻塞超时时间（秒）
+
+        Returns:
+            Optional[str]: 任务 ID，超时返回 None
+        """
+        if not self._redis_client:
+            return None
+
+        try:
+            result = await self._redis_client.brpop(settings.job_queue_key, timeout=timeout)
+            if result:
+                # brpop 返回 (key, value) 元组
+                return result[1]
+            return None
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"任务出队失败: error={e}")
+            return None
+
+    async def acquire_job_lock(self, job_id: str) -> bool:
+        """获取任务执行锁（分布式锁）
+
+        Args:
+            job_id: 任务 ID
+
+        Returns:
+            bool: 是否成功获取锁
+        """
+        if not self._redis_client:
+            return False
+
+        lock_key = f"job:lock:{job_id}"
+        try:
+            acquired = await self._redis_client.set(
+                lock_key, "locked", nx=True, ex=settings.job_lock_ttl
+            )
+            if acquired:
+                logger.debug(f"获取任务锁成功: job_id={job_id}")
+            return acquired is not None
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"获取任务锁失败: job_id={job_id}, error={e}")
+            return False
+
+    async def release_job_lock(self, job_id: str) -> bool:
+        """释放任务执行锁
+
+        Args:
+            job_id: 任务 ID
+
+        Returns:
+            bool: 是否成功释放锁
+        """
+        if not self._redis_client:
+            return False
+
+        lock_key = f"job:lock:{job_id}"
+        try:
+            await self._redis_client.delete(lock_key)
+            logger.debug(f"释放任务锁成功: job_id={job_id}")
+            return True
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"释放任务锁失败: job_id={job_id}, error={e}")
+            return False
+
+    async def increment_concurrency(self) -> int:
+        """增加全局并发计数
+
+        Returns:
+            int: 增加后的并发数
+        """
+        if not self._redis_client:
+            return 0
+
+        try:
+            count = await self._redis_client.incr(settings.job_concurrency_key)
+            return count
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"增加并发计数失败: error={e}")
+            return 0
+
+    async def decrement_concurrency(self) -> int:
+        """减少全局并发计数
+
+        Returns:
+            int: 减少后的并发数
+        """
+        if not self._redis_client:
+            return 0
+
+        try:
+            count = await self._redis_client.decr(settings.job_concurrency_key)
+            # 防止计数变为负数
+            if count < 0:
+                await self._redis_client.set(settings.job_concurrency_key, 0)
+                return 0
+            return count
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"减少并发计数失败: error={e}")
+            return 0
+
+    async def get_global_concurrency(self) -> int:
+        """获取当前全局并发数
+
+        Returns:
+            int: 当前并发数
+        """
+        if not self._redis_client:
+            return 0
+
+        try:
+            count = await self._redis_client.get(settings.job_concurrency_key)
+            return int(count) if count else 0
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"获取并发计数失败: error={e}")
+            return 0
+
+    async def can_execute(self) -> bool:
+        """检查是否可以执行新任务（全局并发控制）
+
+        Returns:
+            bool: 是否可以执行
+        """
+        current = await self.get_global_concurrency()
+        return current < settings.max_concurrent_jobs
+
+    async def get_job_retry_count(self, job_id: str) -> int:
+        """获取任务重试次数
+
+        Args:
+            job_id: 任务 ID
+
+        Returns:
+            int: 重试次数
+        """
+        if not self._redis_client:
+            return 0
+
+        key = f"job:{job_id}"
+        try:
+            retry_count = await self._redis_client.hget(key, "retry_count")
+            return int(retry_count) if retry_count else 0
+        except Exception:
+            return 0
+
+    async def increment_job_retry(self, job_id: str) -> int:
+        """增加任务重试次数
+
+        Args:
+            job_id: 任务 ID
+
+        Returns:
+            int: 增加后的重试次数
+        """
+        if not self._redis_client:
+            return 0
+
+        key = f"job:{job_id}"
+        try:
+            await self._redis_client.hincrby(key, "retry_count", 1)
+            retry_count = await self._redis_client.hget(key, "retry_count")
+            return int(retry_count) if retry_count else 1
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"增加重试次数失败: job_id={job_id}, error={e}")
+            return 0
+
     def get_concurrency_status(self) -> Dict[str, int]:
         """获取并发状态
 

src/functional_scaffold/worker.py

@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+"""Worker 进程模块
+
+基于 Redis 队列的任务 Worker，支持分布式锁和全局并发控制。
+"""
+
+import asyncio
+import logging
+import signal
+import sys
+from typing import Optional
+
+from .config import settings
+from .core.job_manager import JobManager
+from .core.logging import setup_logging
+from .core.tracing import set_request_id
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class JobWorker:
+    """任务 Worker
+
+    从 Redis 队列获取任务并执行，支持：
+    - 分布式锁防止重复执行
+    - 全局并发控制
+    - 任务重试机制
+    - 优雅关闭
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self._job_manager: Optional[JobManager] = None
+        self._running: bool = False
+        self._current_job_id: Optional[str] = None
+
+    async def initialize(self) -> None:
+        """初始化 Worker"""
+        self._job_manager = JobManager()
+        await self._job_manager.initialize()
+        logger.info("Worker 初始化完成")
+
+    async def shutdown(self) -> None:
+        """关闭 Worker"""
+        logger.info("Worker 正在关闭...")
+        self._running = False
+
+        # 等待当前任务完成
+        if self._current_job_id:
+            logger.info(f"等待当前任务完成: {self._current_job_id}")
+
+        if self._job_manager:
+            await self._job_manager.shutdown()
+
+        logger.info("Worker 已关闭")
+
+    async def run(self) -> None:
+        """运行 Worker 主循环"""
+        self._running = True
+        logger.info(
+            f"Worker 启动，轮询间隔: {settings.worker_poll_interval}s，"
+            f"最大并发: {settings.max_concurrent_jobs}"
+        )
+
+        while self._running:
+            try:
+                await self._process_next_job()
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.error(f"Worker 循环异常: {e}", exc_info=True)
+                await asyncio.sleep(settings.worker_poll_interval)
+
+    async def _process_next_job(self) -> None:
+        """处理下一个任务"""
+        if not self._job_manager:
+            logger.error("JobManager 未初始化")
+            await asyncio.sleep(settings.worker_poll_interval)
+            return
+
+        # 从队列获取任务
+        job_id = await self._job_manager.dequeue_job(timeout=int(settings.worker_poll_interval))
+
+        if not job_id:
+            return
+
+        # 获取任务信息以提取 request_id
+        job_data = await self._job_manager.get_job(job_id)
+        if job_data:
+            request_id = job_data.get("request_id") or job_id
+            set_request_id(request_id)
+        else:
+            set_request_id(job_id)
+
+        logger.info(f"从队列获取任务: {job_id}")
+
+        # 尝试获取分布式锁
+        if not await self._job_manager.acquire_job_lock(job_id):
+            logger.warning(f"无法获取任务锁，任务可能正在被其他 Worker 执行: {job_id}")
+            return
+
+        try:
+            # 检查全局并发限制
+            if not await self._job_manager.can_execute():
+                logger.info(f"达到并发限制，任务重新入队: {job_id}")
+                await self._job_manager.enqueue_job(job_id)
+                return
+
+            # 增加并发计数
+            await self._job_manager.increment_concurrency()
+            self._current_job_id = job_id
+
+            try:
+                # 执行任务
+                await self._execute_with_retry(job_id)
+            finally:
+                # 减少并发计数
+                await self._job_manager.decrement_concurrency()
+                self._current_job_id = None
+
+        finally:
+            # 释放分布式锁
+            await self._job_manager.release_job_lock(job_id)
+
+    async def _execute_with_retry(self, job_id: str) -> None:
+        """执行任务（带重试机制）"""
+        if not self._job_manager:
+            return
+
+        try:
+            # 执行任务
+            await asyncio.wait_for(
+                self._job_manager.execute_job(job_id),
+                timeout=settings.job_execution_timeout,
+            )
+        except asyncio.TimeoutError:
+            logger.error(f"任务执行超时: {job_id}")
+            await self._handle_job_failure(job_id, "任务执行超时")
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"任务执行异常: {job_id}, error={e}", exc_info=True)
+            await self._handle_job_failure(job_id, str(e))
+
+    async def _handle_job_failure(self, job_id: str, error: str) -> None:
+        """处理任务失败"""
+        if not self._job_manager:
+            return
+
+        retry_count = await self._job_manager.increment_job_retry(job_id)
+
+        if retry_count < settings.job_max_retries:
+            logger.info(f"任务将重试 ({retry_count}/{settings.job_max_retries}): {job_id}")
+            # 重新入队
+            await self._job_manager.enqueue_job(job_id)
+        else:
+            logger.error(f"任务达到最大重试次数，标记为失败: {job_id}")
+            # 更新任务状态为失败
+            if self._job_manager._redis_client:
+                key = f"job:{job_id}"
+                await self._job_manager._redis_client.hset(
+                    key,
+                    mapping={
+                        "status": "failed",
+                        "error": f"达到最大重试次数 ({settings.job_max_retries}): {error}",
+                    },
+                )
+
+
+def setup_signal_handlers(worker: JobWorker, loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop) -> None:
+    """设置信号处理器"""
+
+    def signal_handler(sig: signal.Signals) -> None:
+        logger.info(f"收到信号 {sig.name}，准备关闭...")
+        loop.create_task(worker.shutdown())
+
+    for sig in (signal.SIGTERM, signal.SIGINT):
+        loop.add_signal_handler(sig, signal_handler, sig)
+
+
+async def main() -> None:
+    """Worker 入口函数"""
+    # 设置日志
+    setup_logging(level=settings.log_level, format_type=settings.log_format)
+
+    worker = JobWorker()
+
+    # 设置信号处理
+    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+    setup_signal_handlers(worker, loop)
+
+    try:
+        await worker.initialize()
+        await worker.run()
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.error(f"Worker 异常退出: {e}", exc_info=True)
+        sys.exit(1)
+    finally:
+        await worker.shutdown()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    asyncio.run(main())

tests/test_job_manager.py

@@ -1,17 +1,13 @@
 """异步任务管理器测试"""
 
 import asyncio
-import json
 import pytest
 from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, MagicMock, patch
 from fastapi import status
 
 from functional_scaffold.core.job_manager import (
     JobManager,
-    get_job_manager,
-    shutdown_job_manager,
 )
-from functional_scaffold.api.models import JobStatus
 
 
 class TestJobManager:
@@ -188,6 +184,7 @@ class TestJobManagerWithMocks:
 
         # 初始化 semaphore
         import asyncio
+
         manager._semaphore = asyncio.Semaphore(10)
 
         await manager.execute_job("test-job-id")
@@ -217,7 +214,7 @@ class TestJobsAPI:
                     "created_at": "2026-02-02T10:00:00+00:00",
                 }
             )
-            mock_manager.execute_job = AsyncMock()
+            mock_manager.enqueue_job = AsyncMock(return_value=True)
             mock_get_manager.return_value = mock_manager
 
             response = client.post(
@@ -486,14 +483,298 @@ class TestConcurrencyControl:
 
     def test_concurrency_status_api(self, client):
         """测试并发状态 API 端点"""
-        response = client.get("/jobs/concurrency/status")
+        with patch(
+            "functional_scaffold.api.routes.get_job_manager", new_callable=AsyncMock
+        ) as mock_get_manager:
+            mock_manager = MagicMock()
+            mock_manager.is_available.return_value = True
+            mock_manager.get_concurrency_status.return_value = {
+                "max_concurrent": 10,
+                "available_slots": 8,
+                "running_jobs": 2,
+            }
+            mock_get_manager.return_value = mock_manager
 
-        assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
-        data = response.json()
+            response = client.get("/jobs/concurrency/status")
 
-        assert "max_concurrent" in data
-        assert "available_slots" in data
-        assert "running_jobs" in data
-        assert isinstance(data["max_concurrent"], int)
-        assert isinstance(data["available_slots"], int)
-        assert isinstance(data["running_jobs"], int)
+            assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
+            data = response.json()
+
+            assert "max_concurrent" in data
+            assert "available_slots" in data
+            assert "running_jobs" in data
+            assert isinstance(data["max_concurrent"], int)
+            assert isinstance(data["available_slots"], int)
+            assert isinstance(data["running_jobs"], int)
+
+
+class TestJobQueue:
+    """测试任务队列功能"""
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_enqueue_job(self):
+        """测试任务入队"""
+        manager = JobManager()
+
+        mock_redis = AsyncMock()
+        mock_redis.lpush = AsyncMock(return_value=1)
+        manager._redis_client = mock_redis
+
+        result = await manager.enqueue_job("test-job-id")
+
+        assert result is True
+        mock_redis.lpush.assert_called_once()
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_enqueue_job_without_redis(self):
+        """测试 Redis 不可用时入队"""
+        manager = JobManager()
+
+        result = await manager.enqueue_job("test-job-id")
+
+        assert result is False
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_dequeue_job(self):
+        """测试任务出队"""
+        manager = JobManager()
+
+        mock_redis = AsyncMock()
+        mock_redis.brpop = AsyncMock(return_value=("job:queue", "test-job-id"))
+        manager._redis_client = mock_redis
+
+        result = await manager.dequeue_job(timeout=5)
+
+        assert result == "test-job-id"
+        mock_redis.brpop.assert_called_once()
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_dequeue_job_timeout(self):
+        """测试任务出队超时"""
+        manager = JobManager()
+
+        mock_redis = AsyncMock()
+        mock_redis.brpop = AsyncMock(return_value=None)
+        manager._redis_client = mock_redis
+
+        result = await manager.dequeue_job(timeout=1)
+
+        assert result is None
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_dequeue_job_without_redis(self):
+        """测试 Redis 不可用时出队"""
+        manager = JobManager()
+
+        result = await manager.dequeue_job(timeout=1)
+
+        assert result is None
+
+
+class TestDistributedLock:
+    """测试分布式锁功能"""
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_acquire_job_lock(self):
+        """测试获取任务锁"""
+        manager = JobManager()
+
+        mock_redis = AsyncMock()
+        mock_redis.set = AsyncMock(return_value=True)
+        manager._redis_client = mock_redis
+
+        result = await manager.acquire_job_lock("test-job-id")
+
+        assert result is True
+        mock_redis.set.assert_called_once()
+        call_args = mock_redis.set.call_args
+        assert call_args[0][0] == "job:lock:test-job-id"
+        assert call_args[1]["nx"] is True
+        assert "ex" in call_args[1]
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_acquire_job_lock_already_locked(self):
+        """测试获取已被锁定的任务锁"""
+        manager = JobManager()
+
+        mock_redis = AsyncMock()
+        mock_redis.set = AsyncMock(return_value=None)  # 锁已存在
+        manager._redis_client = mock_redis
+
+        result = await manager.acquire_job_lock("test-job-id")
+
+        assert result is False
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_release_job_lock(self):
+        """测试释放任务锁"""
+        manager = JobManager()
+
+        mock_redis = AsyncMock()
+        mock_redis.delete = AsyncMock(return_value=1)
+        manager._redis_client = mock_redis
+
+        result = await manager.release_job_lock("test-job-id")
+
+        assert result is True
+        mock_redis.delete.assert_called_once_with("job:lock:test-job-id")
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_release_job_lock_without_redis(self):
+        """测试 Redis 不可用时释放锁"""
+        manager = JobManager()
+
+        result = await manager.release_job_lock("test-job-id")
+
+        assert result is False
+
+
+class TestGlobalConcurrency:
+    """测试全局并发控制功能"""
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_increment_concurrency(self):
+        """测试增加并发计数"""
+        manager = JobManager()
+
+        mock_redis = AsyncMock()
+        mock_redis.incr = AsyncMock(return_value=5)
+        manager._redis_client = mock_redis
+
+        result = await manager.increment_concurrency()
+
+        assert result == 5
+        mock_redis.incr.assert_called_once()
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_decrement_concurrency(self):
+        """测试减少并发计数"""
+        manager = JobManager()
+
+        mock_redis = AsyncMock()
+        mock_redis.decr = AsyncMock(return_value=4)
+        manager._redis_client = mock_redis
+
+        result = await manager.decrement_concurrency()
+
+        assert result == 4
+        mock_redis.decr.assert_called_once()
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_decrement_concurrency_prevent_negative(self):
+        """测试防止并发计数变为负数"""
+        manager = JobManager()
+
+        mock_redis = AsyncMock()
+        mock_redis.decr = AsyncMock(return_value=-1)
+        mock_redis.set = AsyncMock()
+        manager._redis_client = mock_redis
+
+        result = await manager.decrement_concurrency()
+
+        assert result == 0
+        mock_redis.set.assert_called_once()
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_get_global_concurrency(self):
+        """测试获取全局并发数"""
+        manager = JobManager()
+
+        mock_redis = AsyncMock()
+        mock_redis.get = AsyncMock(return_value="7")
+        manager._redis_client = mock_redis
+
+        result = await manager.get_global_concurrency()
+
+        assert result == 7
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_get_global_concurrency_empty(self):
+        """测试获取空的全局并发数"""
+        manager = JobManager()
+
+        mock_redis = AsyncMock()
+        mock_redis.get = AsyncMock(return_value=None)
+        manager._redis_client = mock_redis
+
+        result = await manager.get_global_concurrency()
+
+        assert result == 0
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_can_execute(self):
+        """测试检查是否可执行"""
+        manager = JobManager()
+
+        mock_redis = AsyncMock()
+        mock_redis.get = AsyncMock(return_value="5")
+        manager._redis_client = mock_redis
+
+        with patch("functional_scaffold.core.job_manager.settings") as mock_settings:
+            mock_settings.max_concurrent_jobs = 10
+
+            result = await manager.can_execute()
+
+            assert result is True
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_can_execute_at_limit(self):
+        """测试达到并发限制时"""
+        manager = JobManager()
+
+        mock_redis = AsyncMock()
+        mock_redis.get = AsyncMock(return_value="10")
+        manager._redis_client = mock_redis
+
+        with patch("functional_scaffold.core.job_manager.settings") as mock_settings:
+            mock_settings.max_concurrent_jobs = 10
+
+            result = await manager.can_execute()
+
+            assert result is False
+
+
+class TestJobRetry:
+    """测试任务重试功能"""
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_get_job_retry_count(self):
+        """测试获取任务重试次数"""
+        manager = JobManager()
+
+        mock_redis = AsyncMock()
+        mock_redis.hget = AsyncMock(return_value="2")
+        manager._redis_client = mock_redis
+
+        result = await manager.get_job_retry_count("test-job-id")
+
+        assert result == 2
+        mock_redis.hget.assert_called_once_with("job:test-job-id", "retry_count")
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_get_job_retry_count_empty(self):
+        """测试获取空的重试次数"""
+        manager = JobManager()
+
+        mock_redis = AsyncMock()
+        mock_redis.hget = AsyncMock(return_value=None)
+        manager._redis_client = mock_redis
+
+        result = await manager.get_job_retry_count("test-job-id")
+
+        assert result == 0
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_increment_job_retry(self):
+        """测试增加任务重试次数"""
+        manager = JobManager()
+
+        mock_redis = AsyncMock()
+        mock_redis.hincrby = AsyncMock()
+        mock_redis.hget = AsyncMock(return_value="3")
+        manager._redis_client = mock_redis
+
+        result = await manager.increment_job_retry("test-job-id")
+
+        assert result == 3
+        mock_redis.hincrby.assert_called_once_with("job:test-job-id", "retry_count", 1)